![]() Mention only directly significant details.Omit references to background material and previous works by the author.(Compare: "The researchers discuss the positive impact of student-teacher relationships" versus "The researchers showed that strong relationships between students and teachers were associated with better learning and behavior outcomes for students.") It should provide the source's specific conclusions or findings. The summary of the source should not just describe what the article is about.This statement can prepare readers to interpret the source author's thesis, conclusions, or findings more easily. Consider launching the annotation with a statement that describes the source author's purpose.It may also state how the source helped shape your argument and/or how it changed your view on the topic.Ĭheck with your instructor on the kinds of information they want your annotations to include. The reflection-This type of annotation states how the source informed (or did not inform) your research. It may also state why/how the article is useful or interesting and who it would be useful for (someone new to the topic, someone knowledgeable about the topic, graduate students or professional, undergraduates, etc). The evaluation-This type of annotation examines the source’s strengths and weaknesses. The summary often begins by describing the source's purpose, then describes the method the source author(s) used in their argument or study, and ends with providing the main finding(s) or conclusion(s). The summary-This type of annotation provides a summary of the source. There are three main types of annotations, and the different kinds of information can be combined, such as the summary and evaluation or evaluation and reflection, etc. Reading annotated bibliographies is a great way to see if specific sources are useful. When you are researching a topic, browsing through another writer's annotated bibliography can help guide your research. Composing annotations also helps you look at your sources more carefully and critically. Writing an annotated bibliography gives a researcher a way to organize their sources as well as aiding other researchers interested in the same topic. Why write or use annotated bibliographies? Also, check with your professor on the length of each annotation. Note: Always check with your professor to see exactly what they want included in your annotations. They can sometimes be organized by subject, but the entries in every group should be listed in alphabetical order.įor each source, provide the bibliographic citation (the citation as it would appear in a Works Cited or References page) in your chosen citation style. The sources are typically listed in alphabetical order. The second paragraph provides an analysis or evaluation of the source, taking into consideration the validity, audience, holes in the argument, etc. Generally, the first paragraph of the annotation provides a summary of the source in direct, clear terms. An annotation is a one or two paragraph summary and/or analysis of an article, book, or other source. Sources with multiple authorsįor sources with more than one author, only the first author’s name is inverted subsequent names are written in the normal order.įor texts with up to 10 authors, all the authors’ names should be listed in the order they appear in the source, separated by commas.An annotated bibliography is a list of sources on a single topic, with an annotation provided for each source. Ignore articles (“the,” “a,” and “an”) for the purposes of alphabetization. If a source has no named author, alphabetize by the first word of the title or organization name that starts the entry. Sources are alphabetized by author last name. Author names in the bibliographyĪuthor names in the bibliography are inverted: The last name comes first, then the first name(s). There are further guidelines for formatting a Chicago style annotated bibliography, in which you write a paragraph of summary and source evaluation under each source. This helps the reader to see at a glance where each new entry begins. If a bibliography entry extends onto more than one line, subsequent lines should be indented ( hanging indent), as seen in the example below. However, add a single line space between entries. Unlike the rest of a Chicago format paper, the bibliography is not double-spaced. The heading Bibliography is bolded and centred at the top of the page. The bibliography appears at the end of your text.
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